Arcinoma and cirrhosis accounting for 2 from the continent’s annual deaths (Anna and Michael, 2007). The report of Anna and Michael (2007) could not be connected together with the frequency of occurrence of HBsAg as that is among the list of criteria for recruiting the sufferers for the study, although serum HBsAg has been reported to persist in individuals with an impaired immune response (Kumar and Clark, 2002). Kobayashi et al (2002) reported that out on the 637 patients, 323 (50.7 ), 51 (8.0 ) and 97 (15.2 ) have been constructive for HIV Ab, HBsAg and HCV Ab, respectively. Though prevalence of HBV was substantially higher in HIV-positive individuals (10.5 ; 34/323) than in HIV-negative ones (five.four ; 17/314) (p=0.026), prevalence of HCV was significantly reduced in HIV-positive sufferers (12.1 ; 39/323) than in HIV-negative ones (18.5 ). It was also reported that two patients had been triply infected with HIV, HBV and HCV, and one particular patient was dually infected with HBV and HCV. They recommended that HIV infection might be a co-factor for HBV infection, but that HCV infection may perhaps happen independently of HIV infection. This study also revealed evidence of HBsAg seropositive sufferers co-infected with HIV or HCV (Table 4). The 11 (7.three ) on the previously HBsAg seropositive individuals that were PENK Protein C-6His identified to become nd HBsAg seronegative for the duration of the 2 bleeding (Tables 1,2,3 and four) . This really is attributable to the fact that HBsAg might be cleared immediately after no less than 6 months (Ryan and Ray, 2004). Higher frequency of occurrence of HBeAg was discovered in icteric and preicteric sufferers than the posticteric sufferers and higher incidence of anti-HBe in posticteric patients than the pre and icteric sufferers. This might be related with all the severity of hepatitis B in pre and icteric individuals as HBeAg has been linked with high level of Hepatitis B virus and severity of hepatitis B (Ryan and Ray, 2004). Moreover, throughout the second bleeding on the sufferers, the outcomes obtained had been the reverse with the above. These may be a pathological condition, altered immunity, co-infection, clinicalstResearch Articleinterventions and body normal reaction to infections (Kumar and Clark, 2002). Furthermore, the anti-HCV was identified to become far more in posticteric than the icteric individuals have been and none of the preicteric individuals expressed anti-HCV. Extra anti- HIV was found in post icteric than the icteric individuals were. Larger frequency of occurrence was also found in icteric than the preicteric sufferers. These findings may be attributed to the reality that coinfection of Hepatitis B virus with HCV or HIV may be found in hepatitis B individuals as they share common routes of infection (Ryan and Ray, 2004; CROI, 2008). The co-infection can also be constant using the reports of Christy et al (2004), Mustapha and Jubrin (2004) and Uneke et al (2005). Larger frequency of anti-HBe in the males than the female patients just isn’t in agreement with the report of Mario et al (1982) that males showed a higher prevalence of antiHBs and anti-HBc, whilst anti-HBe was a lot more widespread in females. It really is on the other hand in agreement with the report of Uneke et al (2005) that discovered a slightly greater HBsAg seroprevalence within the males (14.six ) than females (12.9 ) of the blood donors. Among the HIV-infected individuals, the males had significantly higher HBsAg seroprevalence than the females (31.8 vs 22.1 ) with all the highest prevalence of HBsAg occurring inside the 51-60 years age group (44 ), followed by these of 31-40 years (28.2 ). The HIV co-infection obtained in this study is co.
